Abstract
Tag nrho cov mis nyuj hmoov tau ntev tau nthuav tawm ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev sib cais tam sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv dej txias, vim nws cov ntsiab lus muaj roj ntau thiab hais tawm ntawm qhov chaw hydrophobicity. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem lecithin txau cov txheej txheem tau ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo lawm, nws tseem poob qis hauv kev ceev ceev, khaws cia ruaj khov, thiab kev txuag tsw. Daim ntawv no qhia txog kev hloov kho qhov chaw tshiab raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ACETEM (acetylated mono- thiab diglycerides ntawm fatty acids, E472a) thiab PGE (polyglycerol esters ntawm fatty acids, E475). Tus nqi HLB qis (2–3) thiab kua-zoo li qis- cov yam ntxwv viscosity ntawm ACETEM ua kom nws nkag mus tau zoo thiab ntub cov roj dawb rau ntawm cov kua mis hmoov, yog li tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm hydrophobic affinity. Lub caij no, qhov dav -ntau yam HLB tus nqi (3–13) thiab siab hydrophilicity ntawm PGE muab cov kev xav tau hydrophilic raws ntawm cov khoom seem, tso cai rau dej nkag mus rau cov qauv ntxeem tau ntawm agglomerates. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj lecithin ib txwm siv, ACETEM / PGE gradient txheej txheej qhia pom qhov zoo ntawm cov dej txias (8-10 degree) wetting lub sij hawm, dispersibility, thiab txee-kev tiv thaiv oxidative lub neej, nrog tag nrho ua raws li European Union thiab thoob ntiaj teb cov khoom noj additives. Daim ntawv no muab kev qhia ua qauv qhia los ntawm ob qho tib si interfacial chemistry mechanisms thiab cov txheej txheem kev pom zoo, muab txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev txhim kho tam sim ntawm cov hmoov nplej tag nrho.
Taw qhia
Cov mis nyuj tag nrho yog cov khoom siv mis nyuj ua los ntawm cov nyuj tshiab los ntawm cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev tsim qauv, pasteurization, concentration, thiab tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau skim mis hmoov, tag nrho cov mis nyuj hmoov khaws cia lub ntuj tsw ntawm mis nyuj muaj roj thiab rog -soluble as-ham, ua rau nws xav tau dav hauv cov mis mos zoo nkauj, cov neeg laus noj cov hmoov, kas fes creamers, thiab bakery premixes.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov mis nyuj hmoov feem ntau yog ntau tshaj 26% -28%, thiab thaum lub sij hawm tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav thiab tom qab tuav, kwv yees li 0.5% -3% ntawm cov roj dawb tsiv mus rau qhov chaw, ua ib txheej ntawm cov mis hmoov granules. Cov txheej roj dawb no nthuav tawm muaj zog hydrophobicity, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov dej molecules ua txhaum ntawm qhov chaw thiab nkag mus rau sab hauv ntawm cov khoom, yog li ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov dej noo thiab dispersibility ntawm cov hmoov. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov kua mis tag nrho yog feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 50 degree, thiab qee qhov siab tshaj 90 degree, ntawm qhov taw tes dej nkag mus yog qhov cuam tshuam tag nrho. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw hydrophobic no sawv cev rau qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov nyuaj ntawm kev rov tsim cov kua mis tag nrho hauv dej txias.
Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, kev lag luam tau siv dav dav siv cov txheej txheem agglomeration-lecithin txau txij li xyoo 1960, uas cov tshuaj lecithin hauv cov roj zaub tau txau mus rau agglomerated mis hmoov hais nyob rau hauv ib lub txaj fluidized tom qab tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob lecithin tuaj yeem txo lub sij hawm ntub dej ntawm skim mis hmoov los ntawm ntau tshaj 300 vib nas this mus rau kwv yees li 8.9 vib nas this, ib qho kev txhim kho zoo kawg li. Txawm li cas los xij, lecithin nws tus kheej muaj ntau yam kev txwv, suav nrog cov ntsiab lus siab polyunsaturated fatty acid (kwv yees li 50% -60% linoleic acid hauv kev lag luam soy lecithin), muaj kev cuam tshuam rau oxidation ua rau tawm -flavors, thiab txwv thermal stability- shortcomings uas tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam zoo dua qub.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov hluavtaws uas tsis yog -ionic emulsifiers tau muab cov cuab yeej tshiab rau kev hloov kho saum npoo ntawm cov hmoov nplej. Ntawm lawv, ACETEM (acetylated mono- thiab diglycerides ntawm fatty acids) thiab PGE (polyglycerol esters ntawm fatty acids), nrog rau lawv cov qauv molecular ntxiv, sib txawv HLB qhov tseem ceeb, thiab tunable deg kev ua si, qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb raws li ib feem los yog ua tiav lwm txoj kev rau ib txwm lecithin. Daim ntawv no yog tsom rau kev txheeb xyuas tus cwj pwm sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob lub emulsifiers, tshawb xyuas cov txheej txheem physicochemical hauv qab lawv cov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov mis hmoov particle nto, thiab muab cov lus qhia rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim.
Physicochemical Barriers to Whole Mis Powder Instantization
1 Particle Surface Composition thiab Wetting Mechanism
Kev coj tus cwj pwm ntub dej ntawm cov kua mis hmoov yog tswj hwm los ntawm ob yam: qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab microstructure. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm qhov chaw muaj pes tsawg leeg, thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem ziab qhuav, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov chaw vim qhov sib txawv txav ntawm cov kua dej hauv cov dej thiab cov dej sib txawv ntawm cov dej sib txawv - cov mis nyuj tsis muaj roj thiab cov roj fatty acids tsis muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv txheej txheej sab nraud, thaum hydrophilic lactose thiab proteins encapsulated nyob rau hauv cov protein. Qhov no "hydrophobic sab nrauv, hydrophilic sab hauv" compositional tis ua rau cov dej sib cuag lub kaum sab xis ntawm tag nrho cov mis hmoov hmoov yuav loj dua li cov mis nyuj hmoov (kwv yees li 20 degree), ncaj qha impeding dej nkag. Los ntawm microstructural foundations, cov pa tshuaj tsuag- cov kua mis qhuav hmoov yog zoo (D90 feem ntau nyob rau hauv kaum ntawm micrometers), nrog nqaim interstices; Txawm hais tias dej tswj kom tawg los ntawm qhov chaw, nws tau yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm capillary cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom me me, ua rau cov pob tsim tsim los ntawm "ntub sab nrauv, sab hauv qhuav."
Yog li, kev ua tiav tam sim ntawm cov hmoov nplej tag nrho yuav tsum muaj kev daws teeb meem ib txhij ntawm ob yam: hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom seem kom txo nws cov hydrophobicity, thiab nce particle loj thaum tsim cov qauv ntxeem tau los muab cov dej nkag rau hauv dej.
2 Qhov zoo thiab qhov txwv ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Pa Lecithin Txau
Lecithin spraying sawv cev rau kev hloov kho saum npoo av tshaj plaws hauv kev ua lag luam tam sim no. Nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li hauv qab no: pawg hydrophilic ntawm lecithin molecules (quaternary ammonium headgroup ntawm phosphatidylcholine) thauj tog rau nkoj rau sab nrauv ntawm cov khoom me me, thaum lub hydrophobic tail chains embed rau hauv cov roj dawb, yog li tsim lub hydrophilic zero 5 kev sib cuag lub kaum sab xis saum toj no.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob lecithin yog nyob rau ntau qhov muaj thiab nyuaj -kom- kov yeej cov kev txwv. Ua ntej, kwv yees li 50% -60% ntawm cov fatty acids nyob rau hauv kev lag luam soy lecithin yog linoleic acid (C18: 2), polyunsaturated fatty acid heev uas nkag mus rau autoxidation thaum lub sij hawm cia, tsim "beany" los yog "painty" tawm-flavors-ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm 4 lub hlis ntawm mis nyuj. Qhov thib ob, lecithin yog thermally rhiab heev thiab tej zaum yuav raug ib feem ntawm degradation nyob rau hauv lub siab kub tej yam kev mob ntawm fluidized txaj txau. Thib peb, txheej txheej hydrophilic tsim tom qab txau lecithin yog mono- lossis oligomolecular zaj duab xis uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau detachment los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thaum thauj kev vibration thiab ntev - lub sijhawm cia, ua rau kom txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntub dej. Cov kev txwv no muab lub qhov rais thev naus laus zis meej rau kev qhia txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab emulsifiers.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Molecular thiab Interfacial Behavior ntawm ACETEM thiab PGE
1 ACETEM: Tsawg-Viscosity Hydrophobic Interfacial Modifier
ACETEM (acetylated mono- thiab diglycerides ntawm fatty acids, E472a) yog ib tug tsis yog - ionic emulsifier tsim los ntawm acetylation ntawm mono- thiab diglycerides ntawm fatty acids nrog acetic anhydride. Nws zoo nkaus li cov hmoov dawb dawb los yog cov khoom flakes, nrog lub melting point ntawm 25-40℃nyob ntawm qhov℃ntawm acetylation, tus nqi HLB ntawm 2-3, thiab kev faib ua dej -hauv- roj (W/O) emulsifier. Nws yog insoluble hauv dej txias, dej kub, thiab roj txias, tab sis soluble hauv cov roj kub.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ACETEM yog nws lub peev xwm los txo cov viscosity ntawm cov rog -raws li systems. Kev taw qhia ntawm acetyl pawg hloov pauv tus cwj pwm crystallization ntawm glyceride molecule - tsis yog -acetylated monoglycerides yog cov khoom thiab waxy ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ACETEM, nrog rau qib ntawm acetylation, nthuav tawm qhov txo qis ntawm melting point thiab tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv {4} ib nrab ntawm cov kua. Lub viscosity-txo kev ua haujlwm ntawm ACETEM tau raug kuaj xyuas hauv cov ntawv thov xws li caramel thiab chocolate coatings, qhov uas nws "txo cov viscosity thiab xyuas kom meej txawm tias muaj roj faib". Hauv kas fes creamers thiab tsis yog-cov khoom noj mis nyuj, ACETEM "txhim kho cov rog tsis sib xws, txhim kho emulsion stability, thiab pab txhawb rau lub qhov ncauj dawb, du".
Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm mis hmoov, cov kua -zoo li, qis- viscosity tus yam ntxwv ntawm ACETEM ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib kis thoob plaws cov roj dawb ntawm cov khoom me me. Tsis zoo li cov khoom, waxy cov pa monoglycerides, kua ACETEM ntawm cov tshuaj txau kub muaj cov dej zoo heev, tso cai rau nws nkag mus sai sai rau qhov tsis sib xws thiab qhov hws ntawm qhov chaw me me, tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab hydrophobic interfacial. Txawm hais tias qhov no interfacial zaj duab xis yog nws tus kheej hydrophobic, nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog uakaw qhov chaw raug cov rog dawb, tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem hydrophilic tom ntej (PGE) los ntawm kev "nqus" thiab ua tsis tau zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem roj hydrophobic. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom tau tias yog "interfacial primer"- tsim kom muaj qhov chaw ruaj khov rau qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej hydrophilic.
2 PGE: Hydrophilic Surface Modifier with Tunable HLB Value
PGE (polyglycerol esters ntawm fatty acids, E475) yog ib qho uas tsis yog -ionic surfactant tsim los ntawm esterification ntawm polyglycerol nrog ntau qib ntawm polymerization thiab ntuj fatty acids. Nws zoo nkaus li cov hmoov daj daj lossis cov khoom granular, yooj yim soluble hauv cov roj, rog, thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ethanol, thiab tuaj yeem tawg hauv dej kub. PGE yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov zoo heev -kub tsis kam thiab acid stability.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm PGE nyob hauv nwstunable hydrophilicity. By varying the℃of polymerization of the polyglycerol moiety (from diglycerol to decaglycerol) and the type and℃of substitution of fatty acids, the HLB value of PGE can be precisely adjusted across a broad range of 3 to 13, with hydrophilicity and lipophilicity changing markedly depending on these structural parameters. Among them, PGE products with higher HLB values (>10) poob rau hauv qeb ntawm "hydrophilic monoglycerides," muaj zog emulsifying muaj peev xwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Nws tau raug sau tseg zoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas "thaum ntxiv rau cov khoom siv mis nyuj, [PGE] tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov solubility tam sim ntawd".
Lub hydrophilicity ntawm PGE yog los ntawm nws ntau ether daim ntawv cog lus (C-O-C) thiab terminal hydroxyl pawg (-OH) nyob rau hauv lub polyglycerol headgroup, uas muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug dav hydrogen bond network nrog dej molecules, yog li tsim ib tug muaj zog hydrated particle nto. Thaum PGE cov molecules thauj tog rau nkoj los ntawm lawv cov hydrophobic tail chains mus rau ACETEM-pretreated fat txheej, nrog cov polyglycerol headgroups txuas mus rau sab nraud, "hydrophilic sab nrauv garment" yog draped hla cov mis hmoov. Qhov kev tsim qauv no ua rau cov dej molecules, thaum sib cuag nrog cov khoom, kom nkag mus sai rau PGE hydrophilic txheej thiab diffuse sai sai rau hauv cov khoom sab hauv ntawm ACETEM- primed smooth interface.
3 Synergistic Surface Modification Mechanism of the Dual-Component System
Lub interfacial chemical complementarity ntawm ACETEM thiab PGE tshwm sim los ntawm lawv cov kev sib txawv ntawm lub cev:
| Khoom | ACETEM (E472a) | PGE (E475) |
|---|---|---|
| HLB value | 2–3 | 3-13 (tuaj yeem kho tau) |
| Lub cev daim ntawv ntawm chav tsev kub | Kua rau ib nrab - khoom (tsawg melting point) | Khoom hmoov los yog granules |
| Hydrophilic / hydrophobic cim | Muaj zog hydrophobic (W / O hom) | Hydrophilic rau amphiphilic (tunable) |
| Dej solubility | Insoluble | Dispersible nyob rau hauv dej kub |
| Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev | Tsawg viscosity, zoo heev kis tau tus mob | Ntau pawg hydroxyl, muaj zog hydration muaj peev xwm |
Lub synergistic mechanism ntawm ob yuav piav raws li ib tuggradient txheejtxheej txheem. Ua ntej, kua ACETEM, los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm nws cov viscosity tsawg thiab muaj zog affinity rau cov rog thiab roj, uniformly kis thoob plaws particle nto, ntub dej thiab ib nrab sealing cov hydrophobic qhov chaw ntawm cov roj dawb, tsim ib tug thawj "leveling interfacial txheej." Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm microscopic irregularities ntawm cov roj saum npoo, tsim kom muaj kev pom zoo rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem hydrophilic tom ntej. Tom qab ntawd, PGE molecules thauj tog rau nkoj ntawm hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv tus Tsov tus tw chains thiab ACETEM txheej, nrog cov hydrophilic polyglycerol headgroups taw qhia sab nraud los tsim ib qho "hydrophilic txheej txheej." Qhov no "hydrophobic sab hauv, hydrophilic sab nrauv" gradient qauv siv tag nrho cov lipid cov ntsiab lus intrinsic rau cov mis nyuj hmoov raws li ib tug anchoring matrix, thaum zam qhov teeb meem ntawm uneven kev pab them nqi uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim thaum hydrophilic emulsifiers yog sprayed ncaj qha mus rau ib tug rog -rejecting nto.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm dispersibility thiab instant solubility, qhov qis -viscosity yam ntxwv ntawm ACETEM tuaj yeem pab cuam tshuam nruab nrab ntawm -particle adhesion thaum lub sij hawm agglomeration txheej txheem, pab tsim kom muaj ib tug ruaj khov porous agglomerate qauv. Cov kab ntau hauv capillary nyob rau hauv cov ntxeem tau agglomerates yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav kev hloov kho sai, thiab "nruab nrab tackiness" muab los ntawm ACETEM precisely txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm agglomerates yam tsis ua kom dhau clumping. Lub zog hydrophilicity ntawm PGE, nyob rau hauv lem, xyuas kom meej tias ib zaug dej ua rau kev sib cuag nrog particle nto, nws sai sai swb raws hydrophilic txheej mus rau hauv lub pores ntawm lub agglomerate, ua kom tiav ntub dej thiab sinking nyob rau hauv vib nas this.
Txheej Txheem Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
1 Txheej Txheej Txheej Txheem
ACETEM/PGE dual- cov txheej txheem kev hloov kho qhov chaw txau tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub txaj fluidized uas twb muaj lawm ntawm tag nrho cov kua mis hmoov cov kab ntau lawm yam tsis tas yuav muaj qhov loj - cov khoom hloov kho. Cov txheej txheem pom zoo yog raws li hauv qab no: cov tshuaj tsuag- cov kua mis qhuav qhuav nkag mus rau thawj-stage fluidized txaj rau agglomeration thiab granulation; nws mam li mus rau qhov thib ob -theem txheej txheej fluidized txaj, qhov chaw sib xyaw emulsifier tov ntawm ACETEM thiab PGE (kua kua hauv cov zaub mov- qib zaub roj, xws li MCT lossis siab- oleic sunflower roj, ntawm tag nrho cov concentration ntawm 10% – 20%) yog uniformly sprayed mus rau particle. {1} twinf nto ntawm a Cov tshuaj txau yog tswj tau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 50-65 degree, uas tswj qhov qis -viscosity, kua-zoo li fluidity ntawm ACETEM thaum ua kom muaj kev sib cais txaus thiab tawg ntawm PGE.
2 Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Qhia thiab Kev Npaj Kom Tau Txais
Raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ACETEM thiab PGE thiab cov txheej txheem kev siv khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv, cov lus pom zoo siv yog raws li hauv qab no (raws li ib feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov mis hmoov qhuav hmoov):
| Cheebtsam | Kev siv ntau npaum (%, w/w) | Functional Positioning |
|---|---|---|
| ACETEM (E472a) | 0.1%–0.2% | Deg rog wetting thiab leveling, kev tsim kho ntawm thawj interface |
| PGE (E475) | 0.1%–0.3% | Kev tsim kho ntawm hydrophilic txheej txheej, txhawb kev ntub dej thiab dispersion |
| Tag nrho | 0.2%–0.5% | Dual{0}}cov khoom gradient txheej |
Qhov ntau npaum li cas no yog qhov dav sib piv rau cov txheej txheem lecithin cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke (0.2% - 0.3%), ua tiav kev ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab nyob rau hauv cov nqi tswj tau. Raws li Tuam Tshoj tus qauv GB 2760, qhov siab tshaj plaws tau tso cai siv qib ntawm PGE hauv cov kua mis hloov thiab hloov cov hmoov qab zib yog 10.0 g / kg; ACETEM tuaj yeem siv tau raws li Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo (GMP), yog li ua tiav cov kev cai tswj hwm. Cov fatty acids siv nyob rau hauv ACETEM / PGE ua ke yog feem ntau saturated (stearic acid) los yog tsis tshua muaj unsaturation, conferring superior oxidative stability piv rau cov polyunsaturated fatty acid ntau heev - nplua nuj soy lecithin, yog li txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov roj oxidation nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov mis nyuj hmoov tshaj 12 lub hlis.
3 Qhov Ntsuas Kev Ua Tau Zoo
| Performance Indicator | Pa Tshuaj Lecithin | ACETEM / PGE Gradient Txheej (Tshaj Tawm) |
|---|---|---|
| Lub sijhawm ntub dej hauv 25℃dej | 10-15 feeb | <10 seconds |
| Lub sijhawm ntub dej hauv 8-10℃dej txias | 15-30 vib nas this lossis ntev dua | <15 seconds |
| Dispersibility (tsis stirring) | Nruab nrab | Zoo heev |
| Agglomerate particle friability kuj | Tsis muaj zog (lecithin tsis txhim kho particle zog) | Txhim kho (ACETEM muab nruab nrab inter{0}}particle adhesion) |
| Wetting kev ua haujlwm lwj tom qab 24 lub hlis cia | Nruab nrab mus rau qhov tseem ceeb | Me ntsis |
| Rog oxidation stability | Kev ncaj ncees (lecithin nquag oxidation) | Zoo |
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias ua tiav kev ntub dej sai thiab dispersion hauvdej khov- dej sib tov ntawm 8-10 degreeyog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav tau rau cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws, xws li txias - dej instant protein shakes thiab sab nraum zoov cov khoom noj khoom haus hmoov. Lecithin- cov khoom siv tshuaj tsuag tau pom tias muaj qhov txo qis hauv qhov ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov sib xyaw ACETEM / PGE, leveraging qhov qis -kub resilience ntawm PGE thiab qhov qis- melting-point leveling peev xwm ntawm ACETEM, yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tuav tau zoo heev wetting6} tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias
Cov ntsiab lus thiab Kev Pom Zoo
Daim ntawv no tau txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke thiab kev siv lub peev xwm ntawm ACETEM thiab PGE hauv kev txhim kho tam sim ntawm tag nrho cov mis hmoov. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias gradient txheej txheej zoo ntawm ob lub tswv yim tuaj yeem kov yeej cov kev txwv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib txwm ua - emulsifier txau cov txheej txheem: ACETEM siv nws cov viscosity tsawg thiab zoo tshaj plaws los tsim cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsej muag, sealing cov chaw hydrophobic ntawm cov roj dawb; PGE, tso siab rau nws qhov kev hloov pauv siab hydrophilicity, tsim kom muaj cov dej ntws tawm sab nraud, ua rau cov khoom siv sab nraud nrog cov dej txias txias uas muaj peev xwm ntub dej. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no hloov kho cov qauv tsim los ntawm "monomolecular hydrophilic txheej" mus rau "gradient functional interface," thiab cia siab tias yuav ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke txhim kho nyob rau hauv qis - kub tam sim dissolution kev ua tau zoo, cia ruaj khov, thiab tiv thaiv oxidative.
Cov lus qhia kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsom mus rau: (1) qhov tseeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ACETEM acetylation degrees thiab PGE polymerization degrees ntawm wetting kinetics, tsim kom muaj nuj nqis "qauv-cov khoom" kev sib raug zoo qauv; (2) kev soj ntsuam kev siv tau ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw no hauv kev ua kom sai ntawm cov nroj tsuag -raws li mis hmoov lwm yam (xws li, oat mis hmoov, txiv maj phaub mis hmoov); (3) kev koom ua ke ntawm ACETEM / PGE nto hloov kho tshuab nrog lub encapsulation thiab tso tawm cov roj-soluble micronutrients (vitamin A, D, E) los tsim dual- ua haujlwm tag nrho cov kua mis hmoov cov khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm "kev sib cais tam sim + kev xa tawm." Raws li kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb hwm cov kua mis hmoov ua lag luam xav tau txias- dej tam sim solubility thiab huv - daim ntawv pov thawj daim ntawv pov thawj, hluavtaws emulsifier sib xyaw cov tswv yim raws li cov qauv tsim interfacial yuav nthuav dav daim ntawv thov kev cia siab.
