PGPR: Tus "Flow Engineer" ntawm Chocolate
PGPR(Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate, tseem hu ua E476 hauv EU) yog cov nroj tsuag -raws li emulsifier muab tau los ntawm glycerol thiab fatty acids los ntawm castor roj. Nws zoo nkaus li viscous, yellowish rau amber kua los yog opaque semi-khoom muab tshuaj txhuam. Nrog muaj zog lipophilic (roj-kev hlub), PGPR yog insoluble hauv dej txias tab sis yooj yim soluble hauv cov roj kub thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic.
Hauv kev lag luam chocolate, PGPR plays ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
viscosity txo kom zoo dua flowability. Molten chocolate loj muaj ntau cov khoom siv xws li qab zib, mis hmoov thiab cocoa solids. Yog tsis muaj PGPR, kev sib txhuam ntawm cov khoom no ua rau cov huab hwm coj tuab thiab nyuaj rau ntws mus. PGPR ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tsim cov zaj duab xis lubricating rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv no, txo qis kev sib cuam tshuam - cov khoom sib txhuam thiab tso cai rau cov kua dej chocolate viscous ntws mus tsis yooj yim thaum molding, enrobing, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem.
Kev txuag nqi thiab txhim kho qhov ncauj. Cocoa butter yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw kim tshaj plaws hauv cov qhob noom xim kasfes, suav txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom. Los ntawm kev txo cov viscosity, PGPR tso cai rau cov tuam txhab ua kom tiav tib lub flowability nrog 10% mus rau 30% tsawg cocoa butter piv rau cov formulations uas muaj lecithin xwb. Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov no tsis cuam tshuam qhov zoo- cov ntsiab lus muaj roj tsawg ua rau txo qis ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes, ua rau nws yaj sai dua hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab xa cov smoother, ntau velvety zoo nkauj. Niaj hnub no, ntau lub tuam txhab lag luam muaj npe nrov thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Hershey thiab Nestlé, suav nrog PGPR rau hauv lawv cov khoom, qhia txog kev lag luam- kev saws me nyuam thoob plaws.
Polysorbate 80: Ib Tus Neeg Uas Muaj Ntau Yam Hauv Ci thiab Dej Haus
Polysorbate 80(tseem hu ua Tween 80), tshuaj npe Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monooleate (CAS 9005-65-}6), muaj qhov hnyav molecular kwv yees li 1309.63. Nws yog ib qho uas tsis yog-ionic hydrophilic emulsifier nrog HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic tshuav nyiaj li cas) ntawm kwv yees li 15. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws zoo nkaus li khov, yellowish rau amber oily kua, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv dej txias tab sis yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej kub thiab ntau yam organic solvents xws li ethanol thiab ethyl acetate.
Polysorbate 80 muaj ntau yam kev siv ntau dua li PGPR, hla cov zaub mov, tshuaj, thiab kev saib xyuas tus kheej.
Nrog rau HLB tus nqi siab dua lipophilic emulsifiers, polysorbate 80 muaj zog hydrophilic, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov roj stabilizing - hauv - dej (O / W) emulsion systems. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv ruaj khov nyob ib puag ncig cov roj tee, tiv thaiv roj - dej sib cais thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm ntau yam khoom.
Hauv kev ua zaub mov, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau lub ntsiab lus. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov ice cream thiab khov khoom qab zib, polysorbate 80 zoo inhibits qhov tsim ntawm cov dej khov loj thiab tswj cov rog sib sau ua ke, ua kom muaj kev ntxhib los mos, zoo nkauj. Raws li Tuam Tshoj lub teb chaws tus qauv GB 2760, nws qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai siv qib hauv cov khoom qab zib khov yog 1.0 g / kg, thiab txog li 1.5 g / kg hauv mis. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm nws daim ntawv thov zaub mov feem ntau.
Hauv cov khoom ci, polysorbate 80 txhim kho kev ntxhib los mos thiab ntim ntawm qhob cij thiab khoom qab zib, txuas ntxiv lawv lub txee muag muag.
Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, polysorbate 80 kuj yog ib qho khoom siv tsis tau. Nws yog siv los ua ib qho emulsifier thiab solubilizer hauv kev txhaj tshuaj, tshuaj pleev, thiab tshuaj pleev, nrog rau kev ruaj khov adjuvant hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv kev tsim khoom, polysorbate 80 feem ntau ua ke nrog lipophilic emulsifiers ntawm Span series, optimizing hydrophilic -lipophilic tshuav nyiaj li cas kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws emulsification.
Qhov sib txawv thiab Synergy
| Dimension | PGPR | Polysorbate 80 |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj npe | Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate | Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monooleate |
| EU Code | E476 | E433 |
| Lipophilic / Hydrophilic | Muaj zog lipophilic (dej{0}}insoluble) | Strongly hydrophilic (HLB ≈15) |
| Core Function | Txo chocolate viscosity, txuag cocoa butter | Stabilizes O / W emulsions, inhibits dej khov crystallization |
| Cov ntawv thov zaub mov tseem ceeb | Chocolate, khoom qab zib txheej | Ice cream, qhob cij, dej haus, khoom noj siv mis |
| ADI txwv | 25 mg / kg lub cev hnyav / hnub | 25 mg / kg lub cev hnyav / hnub |
Txawm hais tias ob leeg koom nrog tib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom noj emulsifiers, lawv ua cov luag haujlwm sib txawv hauv kev ua zaub mov. PGPR yog tsim los daws qhov kev sib tw ntawm lub cev ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo hauv cov qhob noom xim kasfes, thaum polysorbate 80 feem ntau ua haujlwm nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke roj -raws li thiab dej- raws li cov khoom siv rau hauv cov emulsions ruaj khov.
Hauv cov khoom lag luam chocolate, PGPR yuav luag txhua zaus siv ua ke nrog lecithin, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws uas txuag cov cocoa butter thaum txhim kho qhov ntom ntom thiab qhov ncauj. Hauv cov tshuab aqueous xws li dej khov lossis kua dej, polysorbate 80 feem ntau yog ua ke nrog Span-series emulsifiers, los yog siv los tswj cov formulations uas muaj cov khoom tsw qab xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm ob lub emulsifiers no-txhua tus ua nws tus kheej lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb- uas ua kom ruaj khov, siab -kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom noj suav tsis txheeb uas peb nyiam txhua hnub.
Cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom
Kev sib cav txog pej xeem nyob ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tau nce ntxiv nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog qee cov neeg siv khoom qhia kev ntxhov siab tsuas yog pom cov npe tshuaj tsis paub ntawm cov ntawv sau zaub mov. Yog li cov pov thawj scientific hais li cas txog PGPR thiab polysorbate 80? Cov lus teb yog tias, thaum siv ua raws li cov kev cai txwv, ob qho tib si emulsifiers tau lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm loj hauv ntiaj teb kev nyab xeeb khoom noj.
Rau PGPR, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tau xaus rau hauv nws xyoo 2017 rov- kev ntsuam xyuas tias cov tshuaj ntxiv yog hydrolyzed hauv plab, tso polyglycerols thiab fatty acids uas tau tawm tsis hloov pauv ntawm cov quav thiab zis. Mob qhov ncauj toxicity yog tsawg, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev cuam tshuam txog genotoxicity lossis carcinogenicity. Tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho, EFSA pom zoo kom nce qhov Txais Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Txhua Hnub (ADI) los ntawm 7.5 mg / kg lub cev hnyav / hnub mus rau 25 mg / kg lub cev hnyav / hnub- ntau dua peb npaug. Kev kwv yees kev noj zaub mov tsis pub dhau qhov hloov kho ADI. Los ntawm kev sib piv, ib tus neeg laus hnyav 60 kg (≈132 lbs) yuav tsum tau noj kwv yees li 1,500 mg ntawm PGPR txhua hnub kom ncav cuag qhov kev txwv no, ib theem deb tshaj qhov kev noj haus.
Rau polysorbate 80, tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb yog sib npaug. Raws li Lub Koom Haum Koom Tes FAO / WHO Cov Kws Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij rau Khoom Noj Ntxiv (JECFA), ADI yog 0-25 mg / kg lub cev hnyav / hnub. Tuam Tshoj lub teb chaws tus qauv GB 2760 qhia txog kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau polysorbate 80 hauv ice cream (1.0 g / kg), mis nyuj (1.5 g / kg), thiab ntau yam dej haus. FDA kuj tau faib nws raws li Kev Pom Zoo Pom Zoo (GRAS).
Hais tias, ob nuances tsim nyog hais. Hais txog polysorbate 80, qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb tsis nyob hauv cov khoom nws tus kheej tab sis muaj peev xwm taug qab tsis huv los ntawm nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem ethoxylation tuaj yeem tsim cov seem ntawm 1,4-dioxane thiab ethylene oxide-ob qho tib si suav nrog hauv qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo. Rau cov khoom lag luam raug cai, cov ntsiab lus tau zoo hauv qab qhov kev nyab xeeb.
Hais txog PGPR, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tau pom tias cov koob tshuaj ntau yuav hloov cov plab hnyuv microbiota los yog ua rau mob plab hnyuv me. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua nyob rau qib ntau ntau zaus ntau dua li cov tib neeg noj zaub mov raug. Cov koom haum tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb tau tswj hwm lawv cov kev pom zoo kev nyab xeeb raws li kev ntsuas tshuaj toxicological tiav.
Kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj emulsifiers yog cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua. Txij li thaum Tuam Tshoj tsuas pom zoo mono- thiab diglycerides thiab soy lecithin ua zaub mov emulsifiers xyoo 1981, GB 2760 tus qauv tam sim no tau tso cai 49 emulsifier ntau yam. Txhua tus tau raug tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj toxicological nruj thiab ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ua ntej tso cai rau hauv kev ua lag luam-ua kom pom kev nruj thiab cov pov thawj-raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tswj hwm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv.
Xaus
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ob qho tib si PGPR thiab Polysorbate 80 yog siab -cov khoom noj khoom haus emulsifiers tau pom zoo los ntawm cov thawj coj saib xyuas zaub mov loj thoob ntiaj teb. PGPR feem ntau hais txog cov kev sib tw flowability hauv molten chocolate thiab pab txo qis kev siv cocoa butter, thaum Polysorbate 80 tau siv dav los ua kom cov roj ruaj khov- hauv - dej emulsions, nrog rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb hauv cov dej khov, dej haus, thiab cov khoom ci.
Lwm zaus koj pom cov npe no ntawm daim ntawv qhia zaub mov, koj yuav hnov tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab. Ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, cov khoom noj emulsifiers tau hloov zuj zus mus rau qhov tseeb dua, muaj ntau haiv neeg, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Tuam Tshoj tam sim no tau pom zoo 49 cov khoom noj emulsifier ntau yam, txhua qhov kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam zoo, ua kev daws teeb meem rau ntau yam kev sib tw hauv kev tsim khoom noj.
Txhua yam khoom noj uas tau tso cai raug cai tau dhau mus kuaj mob toxicity, ntev - kev tshawb fawb tsiaj, thiab kev soj ntsuam cov neeg raug. Tsuas yog cov uas dhau txhua theem ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau txoj cai nkag mus rau peb cov khoom noj txhua hnub. PGPR thiab Polysorbate 80 tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb.
